Cactus Adaptations

Most of the variants of cactus come from places which have very low or no rainfall. Till date the researchers have not found any fossil of cactus, and thus it becomes very hard to ascertain the actual period when cactus developed the unique adaptation of surviving in the extremely hot climatic conditions. Many researchers are o the opinion that cactus developed its unique physiological traits in response to the changing climatic conditions which prevailed millions of years ago. Some of the major adaptations which can be observed in a cactus involve the transformation of leaves into spines. It should be noted that the cactus has not completely shed their leaves. The leaves have been reduced to minimize the process of transpiration from the surface area.

These spines, while reducing the surface area, not only help in saving water but also protect against the herbivorous animals. They provide shade to the plant while keeping the internal heat to the lowest level. Finally, the spines help canalize the little water which comes in the form of rain. The waxy coating that glides over the cactus skin is the second adaptation which can be easily identified. The waxy coating is known as glaucus bloom and is effective in reducing the evaporation of water. This waxy coating is bluish in color and can be easily damaged if carelessly handled. It should be noted that all kinds of plants possess stomata in varied proportions that helps in entry and exit of gases. In the case of cactus, these stomata are very tight and help in reducing moisture loss. Storing lots of water is another feature of cactus plants. The behavior of the roots is another significant alteration on part of the plant. Cactus exhibit roots which scatter throughout the soil and can remain suspended for a very long period until rain arrives 

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